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Paciencia

Futures · Started Dec 2006

hypothetical · Annual Return (Compounded)
1.7%
Max Drawdown
41.2%
Trades
59
Win Trades
39.0%
Profit Factor
1.10
Win Months
7.7%

About this strategy

!!!EURJPY, XG and IWM are short-term trades!!! Duration : 2-7 days

Paciencia (patience) - as the name says, this is not the system for making the quick money.
But if one, as a medium-term investor, wants to diversify his portfolio with a futures-basket-system and dont has got the time to be a daytrader, this system could be one part among other EOD-Systems.

All trades are based on end of day prices, signals are given after the close of the trading day. As the futures traded are very liquid the Realism Factor should be near 100 % !

The results with 4 x Margin were 119% in 2004, 56% in 2005 and 149% in 2006 .

APD was 2.42 in 2004-2006 , Profit Factor 2.77 . (Trade by trade)

Due to the diversification of risk over Currencies, Stockindex, Financials, Energies and
Precious Metals the Profit Factor (on a monthly basis) of the whole basket in 2004-2007 was 13.7 .

Download Paciencia.xls and see the performance with the unchanged parameters
from 2004 - 2007.

http://www.file-upload.net/download-212834/Paciencia.xls.html

How to start the basket ?
That is not easy to answer ! Personally, I would prefer to wait until the single signals are
coming up.
But one can look at the K-column in the Paciencia.xls.
There one can see from month to month the results of starting the whole basket at the first trading day of the month.

Caused by Risk Management I choosed to take only 4 x margin here in the trades by C2.
No preference is taken for special futures contracts. The margin used for the single futures contracts will be more evenly contributed as the C2-account grows.

!!! In 2005 there were 3 monthes with drawdowns : February, September and December !!!

Portfolio Diversification !!!
4xmargin also means only to be invested with 25% in this system and to be invested
with 75% of the portfolio in other assets like stocks-portfolio, moneymarket etc.
Never put all the eggs in 1 basket if you want to be a successful investor in the long run !!!

See comparision of 4 diversfied portfolios (Paciencia C "Commodities", Paciencia "8 liq. futures" , Stocks and ES-ER2-Spread) in 2004 - 2007 in Paciencia.xls from row 65-113.
The more diversified, the better the monthly Profit Factor of the whole portfolio !!!

---

For better comparison of futures-basket-systems, here some links to successful diversified systems :

http://www.superfund.net/us/start.asp?lg=EN&disc=1&country=US&partnerId=

http://www.portfolioconcept.de/derivate/portfoliofactsheet.php?sy=Five%20Markets&style=2


HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE MANY INHERENT LIMITATIONS, SOME OF WHICH ARE DESCRIBED BELOW. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFITS OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN. IN FACT, THERE ARE FREQUENTLY SHARP DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND THE ACTUAL RESULTS SUBSEQUENTLY ACHIEVED BY ANY PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM. ONE OF THE LIMITATIONS OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS IS THAT THEY ARE GENERALLY PREPARED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. IN ADDITION, HYPOTHETICAL TRADING DOES NOT INVOLVE FINANCIAL RISK, AND NO HYPOTHETICAL TRADING RECORD CAN COMPLETELY ACCOUNT FOR THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL RISK OF ACTUAL TRADING. FOR EXAMPLE, THE ABILITY TO WITHSTAND LOSSES OR TO ADHERE TO A PARTICULAR TRADING PROGRAM IN SPITE OF TRADING LOSSES ARE MATERIAL POINTS WHICH CAN ALSO ADVERSELY AFFECT ACTUAL TRADING RESULTS. THERE ARE NUMEROUS OTHER FACTORS RELATED TO THE MARKETS IN GENERAL OR TO THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ANY SPECIFIC TRADING PROGRAM WHICH CANNOT BE FULLY ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE PREPARATION OF HYPOTHETICAL PERFORMANCE RESULTS AND ALL WHICH CAN ADVERSELY AFFECT TRADING RESULTS.







Hypothetical Monthly Returns (includes fees/commissions)

YearJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYTD
20061.71.7
200720.19.8-22.6-7.5-2.70.114.52.61.90.00.00.010.2
20080.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20090.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0-0.00.00.0-0.0
20100.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0-0.00.0
20110.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20120.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20130.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20140.00.4-0.00.1-0.30.1-0.4-0.3-0.5-0.1-0.2-0.4-1.7
2015-1.1-0.1-0.50.5-0.30.2-0.30.40.0-0.2-0.50.4-1.5
2016-0.10.00.60.1-0.3-0.10.1-0.00.1-0.40.00.0-0.1
20170.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20180.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20190.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20200.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20210.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20220.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20230.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20240.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20250.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
20260.00.00.00.00.00.00.0

Statistics

Overview

Strategy began12/5/2006
Suggested Minimum Capital$100,000
Age240 months
What it tradesFutures
# Trades59
# Profitable23
% Profitable39.0%
Avg trade duration25.3 days
Max peak-to-valley drawdown41.2%
drawdown periodFeb 27, 2007 - July 12, 2007
Annual Return (Compounded)1.7%
Avg win$3,288
Avg loss$1,829

Ratios

W:L ratio1.15
Sharpe Ratio-0.15
Sortino Ratio-0.21
Calmar Ratio0.03

CORRELATION STATISTICS

Correlation to SP500-0.04
Return Percent SP500 (cumu) during strategy life439.9%
Return of Strat Pcnt - Return of SP500 Pcnt (cumu)-17.3%

Return Statistics

Ann Return (w trading costs)1.7%
Return Pcnt (Compound or Annual, age-based, NFA compliant)0.0%
Return Pcnt Since TOS Status0.0%
Ann Return (Compnd, No Fees)0.5%

Slump

Current Slump as Pcnt Equity29.2%
Current Slump, time of slump as pcnt of strategy life1.0%

Instruments

Percent Trades Forex0.1%
Percent Trades Futures0.7%
Percent Trades Options0.0%
Percent Trades Stocks0.1%

Risk of Ruin (Monte-Carlo)

Chance of 10% account loss100.0%
Chance of 20% account loss100.0%
Chance of 30% account loss100.0%
Chance of 40% account loss100.0%
Chance of 50% account loss0.0%
Chance of 60% account loss (Monte Carlo)0.0%
Chance of 70% account loss (Monte Carlo)0.0%
Chance of 80% account loss (Monte Carlo)0.0%
Chance of 90% account loss (Monte Carlo)0.0%
Chance of 100% account loss (Monte Carlo)0.0%

Automation

Percentage Signals Automated0.0%

Trading Style

Any stock shorts? 0/11

Trades-Own-System Certification

Trades Own System?0
TOS percent0.0%

Win / Loss

Avg Loss$1,829
Avg Win$3,288
# Winners23
Sum Trade PL (losers)$65,843
Sum Trade PL (winners)$75,620
Num Months Winners22
# Losers36
% Winners39.0%

Dividends

Dividends Received in Model Acct0

Age

Num Months filled monthly returns table237

Frequency

Avg Position Time (mins)36481.85
Avg Position Time (hrs)608.03
Avg Trade Length25.30
Last Trade Ago6925

Regression

Alpha0
Beta-0.01
Treynor Index0.23

Maximum Adverse Excursion (MAE)

MAE:Equity, average, all trades0.02
MAE:Equity, 95th Percentile Value for this strat0.03
MAE:Equity, average, losing trades0.03
MAE:Equity, losing trades only, 95th Percentile Value for this strat
MAE:Equity, average, winning trades0.02
MAE:Equity, win trades only, 95th Percentile Value for this strat
Avg(MAE) / Avg(PL) - All trades14.72
MAE:PL (avg, all trades)-1.28
MAE:PL (avg, losing trades)
MAE:PL - Losing Trades - this strat Percentile of All Strats49.33
MAE:PL - Winning Trades - this strat Percentile of All Strats25.35
MAE:PL (avg, winning trades)
MAE:PL - worst single value for strategy
Avg(MAE) / Avg(PL) - Winning trades0.65
Avg(MAE) / Avg(PL) - Losing trades-1.44
Hold-and-Hope Ratio0.07

RATIO STATISTICS

Mean0.02
SD0.14
Sharpe ratio (Glass type estimate)0.17
Sharpe ratio (Hedges UMVUE)0.17
df61
t0.39
p0.35
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-0.69
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio1.03
Lowerbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-0.69
Upperbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation1.03
Sortino ratio0.31
Upside Potential Ratio1.24
Upside part of mean0.09
Downside part of mean-0.07
Upside SD0.11
Downside SD0.07
N nonnegative terms5
N negative terms57
N of observations62
Mean of predictor0.07
Mean of criterion0.02
SD of predictor0.24
SD of criterion0.14
Covariance-0.00
r-0.02
b (slope, estimate of beta)-0.01
a (intercept, estimate of alpha)0.02
Mean Square Error0.02
DF error60
t(b)-0.19
p(b)0.58
t(a)0.40
p(a)0.35
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for beta-0.16
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for beta0.13
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.10
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha0.15
Treynor index (mean / b)-1.65
Jensen alpha (a)0.02
Mean0.01
SD0.13
Sharpe ratio (Glass type estimate)0.11
Sharpe ratio (Hedges UMVUE)0.11
df61
t0.25
p0.40
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-0.75
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio0.97
Lowerbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-0.75
Upperbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation0.97
Sortino ratio0.18
Upside Potential Ratio1.10
Upside part of mean0.09
Downside part of mean-0.07
Upside SD0.10
Downside SD0.08
N nonnegative terms5
N negative terms57
N of observations62
Mean of predictor0.04
Mean of criterion0.01
SD of predictor0.25
SD of criterion0.13
Covariance-0.00
r-0.03
b (slope, estimate of beta)-0.02
a (intercept, estimate of alpha)0.02
Mean Square Error0.02
DF error60
t(b)-0.23
p(b)0.59
t(a)0.26
p(a)0.40
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for beta-0.15
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for beta0.12
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.10
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha0.13
Treynor index (mean / b)-0.90
Jensen alpha (a)0.02
VaR(95%)0.06
Expected Shortfall on VaR0.07
VaR(95%)0.02
Expected Shortfall on VaR0.04
Mean0.03
SD0.15
Sharpe ratio (Glass type estimate)0.17
Sharpe ratio (Hedges UMVUE)0.17
df1789
t0.40
p0.49
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-0.69
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio1.03
Lowerbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-0.69
Upperbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation1.03
Sortino ratio0.25
Upside Potential Ratio3.69
Upside part of mean0.38
Downside part of mean-0.36
Upside SD0.10
Downside SD0.10
N nonnegative terms137
N negative terms1653
N of observations1790
Mean of predictor0.08
Mean of criterion0.03
SD of predictor0.27
SD of criterion0.15
Covariance-0.00
r-0.04
b (slope, estimate of beta)-0.02
a (intercept, estimate of alpha)0.01
Mean Square Error0.02
DF error1788
t(b)-1.82
p(b)0.52
t(a)0.42
p(a)0.49
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for beta-0.05
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for beta0.00
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.10
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha0.15
Treynor index (mean / b)-1.10
Jensen alpha (a)0.03
Mean0.01
SD0.15
Sharpe ratio (Glass type estimate)0.10
Sharpe ratio (Hedges UMVUE)0.10
df1789
t0.23
p0.50
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-0.76
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio0.96
Lowerbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-0.76
Upperbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation0.96
Sortino ratio0.14
Upside Potential Ratio3.56
Upside part of mean0.38
Downside part of mean-0.36
Upside SD0.10
Downside SD0.11
N nonnegative terms137
N negative terms1653
N of observations1790
Mean of predictor0.04
Mean of criterion0.01
SD of predictor0.27
SD of criterion0.15
Covariance-0.00
r-0.04
b (slope, estimate of beta)-0.02
a (intercept, estimate of alpha)0.02
Mean Square Error0.02
DF error1788
t(b)-1.79
p(b)0.52
t(a)0.24
p(a)0.50
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for beta-0.05
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for beta0.00
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.11
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha0.14
Treynor index (mean / b)-0.64
Jensen alpha (a)0.02
VaR(95%)0.01
Expected Shortfall on VaR0.02
VaR(95%)0.00
Expected Shortfall on VaR0.01
Mean-0.01
SD0.00
Sharpe ratio (Glass type estimate)-3.48
Sharpe ratio (Hedges UMVUE)-3.46
df171
t-2.46
p0.62
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-6.27
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-0.68
Lowerbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-6.26
Upperbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-0.67
Sortino ratio-11.88
Upside Potential Ratio6.56
Upside part of mean0.00
Downside part of mean-0.01
Upside SD0.00
Downside SD0.00
N nonnegative terms2
N negative terms170
N of observations172
Mean of predictor0.67
Mean of criterion-0.01
SD of predictor0.24
SD of criterion0.00
Covariance0.00
r0.05
b (slope, estimate of beta)0.00
a (intercept, estimate of alpha)-0.01
Mean Square Error0
DF error170
t(b)0.65
p(b)0.48
t(a)-2.52
p(a)0.60
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for beta-0.00
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for beta0.00
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.01
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.00
Treynor index (mean / b)-17.06
Jensen alpha (a)-0.01
Mean-0.01
SD0.00
Sharpe ratio (Glass type estimate)-3.48
Sharpe ratio (Hedges UMVUE)-3.47
df171
t-2.46
p0.62
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-6.27
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for Sharpe Ratio-0.68
Lowerbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-6.26
Upperbound of 95% CI (Gibbons, Hedeker & Davis approximation-0.67
Sortino ratio-11.89
Upside Potential Ratio6.55
Upside part of mean0.00
Downside part of mean-0.01
Upside SD0.00
Downside SD0.00
N nonnegative terms2
N negative terms170
N of observations172
Mean of predictor0.64
Mean of criterion-0.01
SD of predictor0.24
SD of criterion0.00
Covariance0.00
r0.05
b (slope, estimate of beta)0.00
a (intercept, estimate of alpha)-0.01
Mean Square Error0
DF error170
t(b)0.64
p(b)0.48
t(a)-2.52
p(a)0.59
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for beta-0.00
VAR (95 Confidence Intrvl)0.02
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for beta0.00
Lowerbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.01
Upperbound of 95% confidence interval for alpha-0.00
Treynor index (mean / b)-17.22
Jensen alpha (a)-0.01
VaR(95%)0.00
Expected Shortfall on VaR0.00
VaR(95%)0.00
Expected Shortfall on VaR0.00

ORDER STATISTICS

Number of observations62
Minimum0.87
Quartile 11
Median1
Quartile 31
Maximum1.17
Mean of quarter 10.98
Mean of quarter 21
Mean of quarter 31
Mean of quarter 41.03
Inter Quartile Range0
Number outliers low8
Percentage of outliers low0.13
Mean of outliers low0.96
Number of outliers high7
Percentage of outliers high0.11
Mean of outliers high1.07
Extreme Value Index (moments method)-34.80
VaR(95%) (moments method)0.00
Expected Shortfall (moments method)0.00
Extreme Value Index (regression method)-0.15
VaR(95%) (regression method)0.03
Expected Shortfall (regression method)0.07
Number of observations1790
Minimum0.93
Quartile 11
Median1
Quartile 31
Maximum1.09
Mean of quarter 11.00
Mean of quarter 21
Mean of quarter 31
Mean of quarter 41.00
Inter Quartile Range0
Number outliers low154
Percentage of outliers low0.09
Mean of outliers low0.99
Number of outliers high167
Percentage of outliers high0.09
Mean of outliers high1.01
Extreme Value Index (moments method)0.02
VaR(95%) (moments method)0.00
Expected Shortfall (moments method)0.00
Extreme Value Index (regression method)0.12
VaR(95%) (regression method)0.00
Expected Shortfall (regression method)0.01
Number of observations172
Minimum1
Quartile 11
Median1
Quartile 31
Maximum1.00
Mean of quarter 11
Mean of quarter 21
Mean of quarter 31
Mean of quarter 41.00
Inter Quartile Range0
Number outliers low0
Percentage of outliers low0
Mean of outliers low0
Number of outliers high2
Percentage of outliers high0.01
Mean of outliers high1.00
Extreme Value Index (moments method)0
VaR(95%) (moments method)0
Expected Shortfall (moments method)0
Extreme Value Index (regression method)0
VaR(95%) (regression method)0
Expected Shortfall (regression method)0

DRAW DOWN STATISTICS

Number of observations2
Minimum0.07
Quartile 10.10
Median0.14
Quartile 30.18
Maximum0.21
Mean of quarter 10.07
Mean of quarter 20
Mean of quarter 30
Mean of quarter 40.21
Inter Quartile Range0.07
Number outliers low0
Percentage of outliers low0
Mean of outliers low0
Number of outliers high0
Percentage of outliers high0
Mean of outliers high0
Extreme Value Index (moments method)0
VaR(95%) (moments method)0
Expected Shortfall (moments method)0
Extreme Value Index (regression method)0
VaR(95%) (regression method)0
Expected Shortfall (regression method)0
Number of observations8
Minimum0.01
Quartile 10.01
Median0.03
Quartile 30.06
Maximum0.40
Mean of quarter 10.01
Mean of quarter 20.02
Mean of quarter 30.04
Mean of quarter 40.23
Inter Quartile Range0.04
Number outliers low0
Percentage of outliers low0
Mean of outliers low0
Number of outliers high1
Percentage of outliers high0.12
Mean of outliers high0.40
Extreme Value Index (moments method)0
VaR(95%) (moments method)0
Expected Shortfall (moments method)0
Extreme Value Index (regression method)0
VaR(95%) (regression method)0
Expected Shortfall (regression method)0
Number of observations0
Minimum0
Quartile 10
Median0
Quartile 30
Maximum0
Mean of quarter 10
Mean of quarter 20
Mean of quarter 30
Mean of quarter 40
Inter Quartile Range0
Number outliers low0
Percentage of outliers low0
Mean of outliers low0
Number of outliers high0
Percentage of outliers high0
Mean of outliers high0
Extreme Value Index (moments method)0
VaR(95%) (moments method)0
Expected Shortfall (moments method)0
Extreme Value Index (regression method)0
VaR(95%) (regression method)0
Expected Shortfall (regression method)0
Max Equity Drawdown (num days)135
Last 4 Months - Pcnt Negative0.0%

COMBINED STATISTICS

Annualized return (arithmetic extrapolation)0.03
Compounded annual return (geometric extrapolation)0.02
Calmar ratio (compounded annual return / max draw down)0.12
Compounded annual return / average of 25% largest draw downs0.12
Compounded annual return / Expected Shortfall lognormal0.33
j156mfCOMBRisPar0
j157mfCOMBRisPar0
Annualized return (arithmetic extrapolation)0.03
Compounded annual return (geometric extrapolation)0.02
Calmar ratio (compounded annual return / max draw down)0.06
Compounded annual return / average of 25% largest draw downs0.11
Compounded annual return / Expected Shortfall lognormal1.55
j313dfCOMBRisPar0
j314dfCOMBRisPar0
Annualized return (arithmetic extrapolation)0.00
Compounded annual return (geometric extrapolation)0.00
Calmar ratio (compounded annual return / max draw down)0
Compounded annual return / average of 25% largest draw downs0
Compounded annual return / Expected Shortfall lognormal16.37

Trading record

Placed 3 trades in real-life brokerage accounts.

SymbolSideQtyOpenedClosedP/L
ER2 U7short2Jul 11, 2007Sep 21, 2007$5,184
US U7long2Jul 11, 2007Sep 19, 2007$8,484
EU U7long2Jul 11, 2007Sep 17, 2007$2,084
BD U7long2Jul 11, 2007Sep 6, 2007$6,357
ER2 U7long2Jun 4, 2007Jul 11, 2007($3,396)
EU U7short2May 22, 2007Jul 11, 2007($7,291)
ER2 U7short1May 21, 2007Jun 4, 2007($2,608)
ER2 M7long1Apr 17, 2007May 21, 2007($1,248)
QG M7short2Apr 23, 2007May 9, 2007($991)
ZG M7long1Apr 16, 2007May 9, 2007($778)
IWM long500May 2, 2007May 8, 2007($220)
XG M7long1Apr 30, 2007May 8, 2007$509
EUR/JPY long100May 2, 2007May 8, 2007($2)
IWM short500Apr 30, 2007May 2, 2007($15)
EUR/JPY short100Apr 30, 2007May 2, 2007($6)
IWM long500Apr 25, 2007Apr 30, 2007($375)
XG M7short1Apr 27, 2007Apr 30, 2007($2,319)
EUR/JPY long100Apr 23, 2007Apr 30, 2007$8
XG M7long1Apr 25, 2007Apr 27, 2007$645
IWM short500Apr 24, 2007Apr 25, 2007($640)
XG M7short1Apr 24, 2007Apr 25, 2007($742)
IWM long500Apr 20, 2007Apr 24, 2007($275)
XG M7long1Apr 19, 2007Apr 24, 2007$862
EUR/JPY short100Apr 23, 2007Apr 23, 2007($4)
EUR/JPY long100Apr 18, 2007Apr 23, 2007($3)
IWM short500Apr 18, 2007Apr 20, 2007($215)
XG M7short1Apr 18, 2007Apr 19, 2007$645
EUR/JPY short100Apr 17, 2007Apr 18, 2007$1
EUR/JPY long100Apr 13, 2007Apr 17, 2007$4
EUR/JPY short100Apr 13, 2007Apr 13, 2007($3)

Past results are not necessarily indicative of future results.

These results are based on simulated or hypothetical performance results that have certain inherent limitations. Unlike the results shown in an actual performance record, these results do not represent actual trading. Also, because these trades have not actually been executed, these results may have under-or over-compensated for the impact, if any, of certain market factors, such as lack of liquidity. Simulated or hypothetical trading programs in general are also subject to the fact that they are designed with the benefit of hindsight. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to these being shown.